Struktur Dan Tutupan Kanopi Mangrove Di Kecamatan Genuk Semarang, Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Mangrove merupakan komunitas tumbuhan tropis yang tumbuh di daerah pesisir dengan kemampuan adaptasi pada air bersalinitas tinggi dan dipengaruhi pasang surut. Besarnya potensi ekosistem mangrove diiringi dengan tekanan alam dan antropogenik yang besar, khususnya di Pantai Utara Jawa. Pemantauan dan inventarisasi struktur dan tutupan kanopi hutan mangrove secara komprehensif perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur dan tutupan kanopi vegetasi mangrove di Kecamatan Genuk, Kota Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penentuan lokasi ditetapkan berdasarkan keberadaan jenis mangrove yang mewakili, yaitu jenis Rhizopora sp. dan Avicennia sp. Pengambilan data vegetasi dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dengan setiap stasiun dipasang plot berukuran 10 x 10 m. Hasil penelitian di Kecamatan Genuk ditemukan dua jenis mangrove, yaitu Rhizophora mucronata dan Avicennia marina. Jenis A. marina terdiri dari pohon, anak pohon dan semai dengan rata-rata kerapatan pada kategori pohon sebesar 1.633 ind/ha, sedangkan rata-rata kerapatan dengan jenis Rhizopora mucronata sebesar 1.400 ind/ha. A. marina dan R. mucronata masing-masing memiliki kerapatan relatif sebesar 77,2% dan 22,8%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan tersebut, tutupan kanopi menunjukkan ekosistem mangrove Kecamatan Genuk Kota Semarang memiliki tutupan sebesar 78-82,8 % tutupan ini masuk kategori tutupan yang padat (baik).

Mangroves are tropical plant communities that grow in coastal areas with the ability to adapt to salinity water that affects tides. The enormous potential of the mangrove ecosystem is accompanied by great natural and anthropogenic pressures, especially on the North Coast of Java. There is a need for a comprehensive monitoring and inventory of the structure and canopy cover of mangrove forests. This study aims to determine the structure and canopy cover of mangrove vegetation in Genuk District, Semarang City, Central Java Province. determination of the location based on the presence of representative mangrove species, namely Rhizopora sp. and Avicennia sp. Vegetation data was collected by purposive sampling method with each station installed a plot measuring 10 x 10 m. The results showed that in Genuk District, two types of mangroves were found, namely Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina. A. marina species consisted of trees, saplings and seedlings with an average density of 1,633 ind/ha in the tree category, while the average density for Rhizopora mucronata was 1,400 ind/ha. A. marina and R. mucronata had relative densities of 77.2% and 22.8%, respectively. Based on these calculations, the canopy cover shows that the mangrove ecosystem in Genuk District, Semarang City has a cover of 78-82.8%, this cover is in the dense (good) cover category.