Struktur Dan Komposisi Vegetasi Mangrove Di Kabupaten Sampang, Pulau Madura, Provinsi Jawa Timur

Abstract

ABSTRAK : Vegetasi mangrove dapat ditemukan pada berbagai tipe geomorfologi pantai yang menempati area antara daratan dan perairan serta memiliki karakteristik lingkungan yang berbeda-beda.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui struktur dan komposisi vegetasi mangrove di Kabupaten Sampang, Pulau Madura, Provinsi Jawa Timur pada tipe geomorfologi yang berbeda. Penelitian di Kabupaten Sampang dilakukan di 5 lokasi, dan terbagi atas 2 tipe geomorfologi yaitu Sreseh, Taman dan Plasah untuk tipe geomorfologi tepi sungai (Lokasi I) serta Polagan dan Banyuanyar untuk tipe geomorfologi sempadan pantai (Lokasi II). Pengambilan data vegetasi dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan setiap transek dibuat plot sampling. Setiap individu pohon (plot 10 m x 10 m) dan sapling (subplot 5 m x 5 m) diidentifikasi dan diukur diameternya setinggi dada (±1,3 m). Sementara seedling dihitung jumlah masing-masing jenis dan persentase penutupannya (subplot 1 m x 1 m). Hasil penelitian di Kabupaten Sampang ditemukan 16 jenis mangrove.Secara umum vegetasi pohon mangrove di Kabupaten Sampang memiliki kisaran kerapatan 1867 ind/ha – 3433 ind/ha yang didominasi Rhizophora apiculata pada Lokasi I dan Sonneratia alba pada Lokasi II. Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) dan Keseragaman (J’) mangrove di Kabupaten Sampang, Madura pada semua lokasi, termasuk dalam kategori rendah.

ABSTRACT : Mangrove vegetation could be found in various types of coastal geomorphology which occupies an area between land and water as well as having the characteristics of different environments. This study aimed to determine the structure and composition of mangrove vegetation in Sampang, Madura Island, East Java province on different types of geomorphology. The research was conducted in five locations, and divided into two geomorphology types, which are Sreseh, Taman and Plasah for riverine geomorphology type (Location I) and Polagan and Banyuanyar for fringe geomorphology type (Location II). Vegetation data retrieval was done by using purposive sampling method and each transect made plot sampling. Each individual tree (plot 10 m x 10 m) and sapling (subplot 5 m x 5 m) were identified and measured in diameter at breast height (± 1.3 m). While seedling calculated by the amount of each species and the percentage of coverage (subplots 1 m x 1 m). The results found that there are 16 species of mangrove at Sampang. Generally, mangrove vegetation on tree category in Sampang have a range of density on 1867 ind/ha - 3433 ind/ha where dominated by Rhizophora apiculata at Location I and Sonneratia alba at Location II. Diversity Index (H ') and Evenness Index (J') of mangrove in Sampang, Madura at all locations are included on low category.