UNDERSTANDING THE IDENTITY NEGOTIATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF MUSLIM STUDENTS WITH HIJAB IN SOUTH KOREA

Abstract

Muslim hijabi students in South Korea face unique challenges as visible minorities in a culturally homogenous academic setting. The hijab symbolizes “foreignness,” triggering stereotypes, microaggressions, social exclusion, and tokenism. Campus traditions, such as membership training involving alcohol, further complicate these challenges. This study aims to understand how Muslim hijabi students negotiate their identity and adapt to South Korean culture. By using Identity Negotiation Theory, Cross-Cultural Adaptation Theory, and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), this research examines the experiences of 7 students who have studied in South Korea for minimum one semester. Findings reveal that identity negotiation and adaptation are dynamic processes involving challenges, strategy application, cultural responses, and outcomes. Strategies include modifying hijab styles, selective social circle, and educating others. Adaptation occurs through assimilation, accommodation, and separation. These efforts result in both positive (acceptance and respect) and negative (exclusion and isolation) social responses. The study highlights the importance of intercultural communication competence, such as cultural awareness, communication skills, self-acceptance, and pre-departure preparation, in helping Muslim hijabi students.