PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERSULFONASI SEBAGAI KATALIS RAMAH LINGKUNGAN PADA PROSES HIDROLISIS BIOMASSA

Abstract

Research on a variety of technologies that can turn biomass into ethanol is done in order to find most efficient method. A common method used in converting cellulose to glucose is acid hydrolysis. However, the process still has some shortcomings, such as the process is still relatively expensive, the conversion is still low and there is a byproduct of acid waste. These acid wastes can pollute the environment, as well as the reaction proceeds the separation process a little more difficult. Seeing these conditions it needed another way to resolve the issue. There should be a modification of the method of hydrolysis which can optimize the production of glucose were found to have a high glucose yield, cheap and eco-friendly. The method is the hydrolysis process using heterogeneous catalysts such as activated carbon sulfonated sulfonated activated carbon is made from coconut shell that had been activated previously, then sulphonated in 98% sulfuric acid in process variables: temperature (30, 50, 70 ° C), normality (4, 7, 10 N), and time (2, 4, 6 hours). And then it is washed and dried. Characteristic morphology of the catalyst in the form of test structures with SEM, BET surface area of the catalyst, and test functional groups by FTIR. The results showed that the best test of a catalyst characteristics on the process variable 40 °C, 10 N, and sulfonation time for 6 hours. In the test SEM morphological structure of activated carbon catalyst is more overt, to test obtained BET surface area of 2219,484 m² / g, and to test the presence of sulphonate group FTIR vibrational wave numbers legible at 1750 cm^-1 and 1379 cm^-1.