Estimasi Biomassa dan Karbon Tegakan Rhizophora apiculata Hasil Aforestasi di Kecamatan Mawasangka

Abstract

Rhizophora apiculata merupakan jenis mangrove yang umum digunakan dalam program penanaman mangrove karena propagul yang mudah diperoleh, dan pertumbuhannya relatif mudah dikontrol. R. apiculata juga memiliki potensi besar dalam menyimpan karbon, sehingga penting untuk diketahui kontribusinya terhadap cadangan karbon di wilayah pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerapatan, mengestimasi biomassa, dan stok karbon R. apiculata hasil aforestasi di pesisir Kecamatan Mawasangka, Kabupaten Buton Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-November 2025. Pengambilan data vegetasi menggunakan metode transek kuadrat sepanjang 50meter yang tegak lurus garis pantai, dengan dua garis transek dan enam plot berukuran 100 m². Persentase tutupan kanopi diukur menggunakan metode Hemispherical Photography. Estimasi biomassa dan stok karbon menggunakan pendekatan Google Earth Engine dan pengukuran langsung menggunakan model Allometrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tutupan kanopi R. apiculata sebesar 74,10 ± 14,53%, yang termasuk dalam kategori baik/padat. Berdasarkan ukuran dbh, kerapatan tertinggi pada kelas ukuran 4–6,99 cm dan 7–9,99 cm dengan nilai masing-masing 2616,66 ind/ha² dan 1666,66 ind/ha². Biomassa total 115,97 ton/ha², terdiri atas AGB 111,81 ton/ha² dan BGB 4,15 ton/ha². Nilai ini berbanding lurus dengan total stok karbon 54,50 ton C/ha² (AGC: 52,55 ton C/ha²; BGBC: 1,95 ton C/ha²). Secara umum, nilai biomassa dan stok karbon pada bagian atas tegakan lebih tinggi dibandingkan bagian bawah. R. apiculata hasil aforestasi masih berada pada tahap awal pertumbuhan dengan ukuran dbh relatif kecil. Meskipun demikian, potensinya sebagai penyimpan karbon sudah cukup baik. Upaya pelestarian dan perluasan area aforestasi perlu terus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan potensi penyerapan karbon di wilayah pesisir.

Rhizophora apiculata is a mangrove species commonly used in plantation programs because its propagules are easy to obtain, and its growth is relatively easy to control. R. apiculata also has great potential in storing carbon, so it is important to know its contribution to carbon stocks in coastal areas. This study aims to determine the density, estimate biomass, and carbon stocks of R. apiculata from afforestation mangroves area on the coast of Mawasangka District, Central Buton Regency. The study was conducted in October-November 2025. Vegetation data collection used a 50-meter quadratic transect method perpendicular to the coastline, with two transect lines and six plots 100 m². The percentage of canopy cover was measured using the Hemispherical Photography method. Biomass and carbon stock estimation used the Google Earth Engine approach and direct measurements using the Allometric model. The results showed that the percentage of canopy cover of R. apiculata was 74.10 ± 14.53%, which is included in the good/dense category. Based on the dbh size, the highest density was in the 4–6.99 cm and 7–9.99 cm size classes with values of 2616.66 ind/ha² and 1666.66 ind/ha², respectively. The total biomass was 115.97 tons/ha², consisting of AGB 111.81 tons/ha² and BGB 4.15 tons/ha². This value is directly proportional to the total carbon stock of 54.50 tons C/ha² (AGC: 52.55 tons C/ha²; BGBC: 1.95 tons C/ha²). In general, the biomass and carbon stock values in the upper part of the stand were higher than those in the lower part. R. apiculata resulting from afforestation is still in the early stages of growth with a relatively small dbh size. Nevertheless, its potential as a carbon store is quite good. Efforts to preserve and expand the afforestation area need to be continued to increase the potential for carbon absorption in coastal areas.