Analisis Pendapatan Nelayan Udang Dogol (Metapenaeus monoceros) di Desa Sungsang Kabupaten Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan nelayan udang dogol (Metapenaeus monoceros) di Desa Sungsang, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan, dengan memperhatikan perbedaan musim tangkap, biaya operasional, serta keuntungan yang diperoleh. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif melalui survei sensus pada nelayan di empat desa Sungsang dengan instrumen kuisioner terstruktur. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi identitas responden, hasil tangkapan, harga jual, biaya operasional dan pendapatan nelayan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil tangkapan udang berbeda signifikan antara musim paceklik (Desember–Maret) dengan rata-rata 1–3 kg per hari, dan musim melimpah (April–November) dengan rata-rata 5–20 kg per hari. Harga jual udang dogol di pasar lokal berkisar antara Rp 15.000–Rp 25.000 per kilogram. Rata-rata pendapatan tahunan nelayan pada musim paceklik sebesar Rp 296.905.000, sedangkan pada musim melimpah sebesar Rp 303.513.750, dengan rata-rata biaya operasional sebesar Rp 241.071.712 per tahun. Keuntungan bersih yang diperoleh nelayan mencapai Rp 59.137.663 per tahun atau sekitar Rp 4,9 juta per bulan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha penangkapan udang dogol masih layak secara ekonomi meskipun pendapatan nelayan sangat bergantung pada musim dan biaya operasional yang cukup tinggi.

This study aims to analyze the income of dogol shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros) fishers in Sungsang Village, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, by considering fishing season differences, operational costs, and the net profit obtained. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a census survey of fishers in four Sungsang villages with structured questionnaires. Data collected included respondent characteristics, catch volume, selling price, operational costs, and fishers’ income. The results showed that shrimp catches differed significantly between the lean season (December–March), averaging 1–3 kg per day, and the abundant season (April–November), averaging 5–20 kg per day. The local selling price of dogol shrimp ranged between IDR 15,000–25,000 per kilogram. The average annual income of fishers during the lean season was IDR 296,905,000, while during the abundant season it reached IDR 303,513,750, with annual operational costs averaging IDR 241,071,712. The net profit obtained was IDR 59,137,663 per year or approximately IDR 4.9 million per month. These findings indicate that dogol shrimp fishing remains economically feasible, although fishers’ income is highly dependent on seasonal variations and considerable operational costs.