Tutupan Kanopi Mangrove Di Tapak Tugurejo, Semarang, Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan komunitas tumbuhan yang hidup di daerah tropis serta memiliki kemampuan adaptasi pada perairan dengan salinitas tinggi yang dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut. Rusaknya ekosistem mangrove dapat menghilangkan fungsi fisik, ekologi dan ekonomi. Upaya rehabilitasi mangrove dilakukan secara berkelanjutan untuk mempertahankan kelestarian mangrove. Ekosistem Mangrove di Tapak, Kelurahan Tugurejo, Kecamatan Tugu, Kota Semarang merupakan kawasan eko-eduwisata. Upaya rehabilitasi dilakukan untuk memulihkan kembali kerusakan yang terjadi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui struktur, komposisi dan tutupan kanopi mangrove. Penentuan stasiun penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Metode pengambilan data vegetasi mangrove dilakukan dengan metode plot sampling berukuran 10 m x 10 m sedangkan metode pengambilan data tutupan kanopi mangrove dengan metode hemispherical photography untuk menghitung persentase jumlah pixel tutupan vegetasi mangrove dalam analisis gambar binner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 2 spesies mangrove yaitu Rhizophora mucronata dan Avicennia marina dengan kerapatan pohon berada pada angka 763-1866 individu/ha. Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) tergolong rendah dan Indeks Keseragaman (J’) tergolong tinggi. Persentase tutupan kanopi mangrove memiliki nilai rata-rata tutupan sebesar 77,63%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi mangrove di Tapak Kelurahan Tugurejo memiliki nilai persentase tutupan kanopi yang tinggi dengan kategori padat dan baik.

The mangrove ecosystem is a plant community that lives in tropical areas and has the ability to adapt to waters with high salinity which are influenced by tides. The damage for mangrove ecosystems can eliminate physical, ecological and economic functions. Mangrove rehabilitation efforts are carried out on an ongoing basis to maintain mangrove sustainability. The Mangrove Ecosystem in Tapak, Tugurejo Village, Tugu District, Semarang City is an eco-tourism area. Rehabilitation efforts are carried out to restore the damage that has occurred. The purpose of the research is to determine the structure, composition and mangrove canopy cover. The determination of research stations was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The method for collecting data on mangrove vegetation was carried out using the plot sampling method 10 m x 10 m, while the method for collecting data on mangrove canopy cover was using the hemispherical photography method  to calculate the percentage of pixels of mangrove vegetation cover in binary image analysis. The research results showed that 2 mangrove species were found, namely Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina with tree density at 763-1866 individuals/ha. The Diversity Index (H') is low and the Uniformity Index (J') is high. The percentage of mangrove canopy cover has an average cover value of 77.63%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that mangrove trees in Tapak Tugurejo Village show that the condition of the mangroves has a high percentage of canopy cover in the dense and good categories.