DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2026.55275

PERAN RELIGIUSITAS DAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL SEBAGAI MEDIATOR DALAM RESILIENSI IBU ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS: SYSTEMATIC LITERATUR REVIEW

Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Lidah Wetan, Lidah Wetan, Kec. Lakarsantri, Surabaya city, East Java 60213, Indonesia

Received: 15 Jan 2026; Published: 17 Jun 2026.

Citation Format:
Abstract
Mengasuh anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) memberikan tantangan psikososial signifikan bagi orang tua di Asia, di mana resiliensi sangat krusial. Religiusitas dan dukungan sosial diidentifikasi sebagai faktor protektif utama, namun pemahaman mengenai mekanisme (mediator) keduanya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini menganalisis bukti empiris mengenai peran religiusitas dan dukungan sosial (langsung maupun mediator) dalam resiliensi orang tua ABK di Asia. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) ini mengikuti panduan PRISMA 2020. Pencarian di PubMed dan Scopus (2015-2025) menghasilkan 9 studi empiris yang disintesis secara naratif. Kriteria inklusi fokus pada resiliensi/koping orang tua ABK di Asia. Hasil analisis 9 studi menunjukkan gambaran kompleks. Religiusitas/Spiritualitas secara konsisten berfungsi sebagai mediator signifikan atau prediktor langsung yang kuat, seringkali meningkatkan penerimaan diri. Sebaliknya, peran dukungan sosial ambigu dan kontekstual. Beberapa studi (China, Indonesia) mengkonfirmasi perannya sebagai mediator, namun studi lain (juga Indonesia) menemukannya tidak signifikan. Kesimpulannya, religiusitas adalah mekanisme internal yang kuat dan konsisten untuk resiliensi. Peran dukungan sosial lebih kompleks, mungkin bergantung pada faktor budaya atau kualitas dukungan. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengatasi kesenjangan metodologis (dominasi cross-sectional) dan populasi (kurangnya fokus pada ayah).
Fulltext View|Download Email colleagues
Keywords: psikologi klinis; psikologi perkembangan; psikologi sosial

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
  1. Ali, M., Gazadinda, R., & Rahma, N. (2020). Hubungan antara persepsi dukungan sosial dan resiliensi pada orang tua anak berkebutuhan khusus. JPPP - Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengukuran Psikologi, 9(2), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.21009/jppp.092.08
  2. Amalia, M., & others. (2025). Buku Referensi Pengantar Hukum Indonesia. PT Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia
  3. Andrade, E. M., Geha, L. M., Duran, P., & Suwwan, R. (2016). Quality of life in caregivers of ADHD children and Diabetes Patients. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7, 127. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00127
  4. Arzeen, N., Irshad, E., Arzeen, S., & Shah, S. M. (2020). Stress, Depression, Anxiety, and Coping Strategies of parents of Intellectually Disabled and Non-Disabled Children. Journal of Medical Sciences (Peshawar), 28(4), 380–383
  5. Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat 2022. BPS Statistics Indonesia
  6. Barroso, N. E., Mendez, L., Graziano, P. A., & Bagner, D. M. (2018). Parenting stress through the lens of different clinical groups: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(3), 449–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0313-6
  7. Bawalsah, J. A. (2016). Stress and Coping Strategies in Parents of Children with Physical, Mental, and Hearing Disabilities in Jordan. International Journal of Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v8i1.8811
  8. Bayat, M. (2007). Evidence of resilience in families of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(9), 702–714. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00960.x
  9. Bekhet, A. K., Johnson, N. L., & Zauszniewski, J. A. (2012). Effects on Resilience of Caregivers of Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Positive Cognitions. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 18(6), 337–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390312467056
  10. Cappe, E., Bolduc, M., Rougé, M.-C., Saiag, M.-C., & Delorme, R. (2016). Quality of life, psychological characteristics, and adjustment in parents of children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Quality of Life Research, 26(5), 1283–1294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1446-8
  11. Centers for Disease Control, & Prevention. (2023). Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder
  12. Chen, J. Y., Clark, M. L., & Chang, H. C. (2015). Factors of parenting stress in parents of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(1), 1–10
  13. Dardas, L. A., & Ahmad, M. M. (2015). For fathers raising children with autism, do coping strategies mediate or moderate the relationship between parenting stress and quality of life? Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, 620–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.047
  14. Darmanto, A., & Wati, S. (2024). Dinamika resiliensi ibu pengasuh anak berkebutuhan khusus di kalangan ekonomi rendah. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial Indonesia, 14(3), 200–218
  15. Daulay, D. A. U., Sutatminingsih, R., & Siregar, A. R. (2024). The Role of Gratitude in the Resilience of Mothers Who Have Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Jurnal Obsesi, 8(6), 1961–1968. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v8i6.6446
  16. Desiningrum, D. R., Hermawati, D., Somantri, M., & Karim, C. H. A. (2025). Parenting stress, resilience, religiosity, and emotional competence in caregivers of children with special needs. Psikohumaniora, 10(1), 79–100. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v10i1.23974
  17. Dijkstra-de Neijs, L., Swaab, H., van Berckelaer-Onnes, I. A., & Ester, W. A. (2025). Resilience Within Families of Young Children with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-025-06773-4
  18. Duca, D.-S. (2015). Family resilience and parental stress: the effects on marital relationship in the context of a child diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Analele Ştiinc{t}ifice Ale Universităc{t}ii Alexandru Ioan Cuza Din Iaşi. Psihologie, 1, 71–90
  19. Ekas, N. V, Lickenbrock, D. M., & Whitman, T. L. (2010). Optimism, social support, and well-being in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(10), 1274–1284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0986-y
  20. Estes, A., Olson, E., Sullivan, K., & others. (2013). Parenting-related stress and psychological distress in mothers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Development, 35(2), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2012.10.004
  21. Fairthorne, J., de Klerk, N., & Leonard, H. (2015). Health of mothers of children with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder: a review of the literature. Medical Research Archives, 3, 1–21
  22. Grothus, F. (2025). Risk and Protective Factors Affecting High and Low Family Resilience in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. University of Groningen
  23. Halstead, E. J., Griffith, G. M., & Hastings, R. P. (2018). Social support, coping, and positive perceptions as potential protective factors for the well-being of mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 64(4–5), 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2017.1326461
  24. Harazni, L., & Alkaissi, A. (2016). The experience of mothers and teachers of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children, and their management practices for the behaviors of the child a descriptive phenomenological study. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(6), 1–21
  25. Hayes, S. A., & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1604-y
  26. Higgins, D. J., Bailey, S. R., & Pearce, J. C. (2025). Factors associated with functioning style and coping strategies of families with a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 9(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361305051403
  27. Ilias, K., Cornish, K., Kummar, A. S., Park, M. S. A., & Golden, K. J. (2018). Parenting Stress and Resilience in Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 280. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00280
  28. Ilias, K., Cornish, K., Park, M. S.-A., Toran, H., & Golden, K. J. (2019). Risk and Resilience Among Mothers and Fathers of Primary School Age Children With ASD in Malaysia. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02275
  29. Kapp, L., & Brown, O. (2011). Resilience in Families Adapting to Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 21(3), 459–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2011.10820482
  30. Karimirad, M. R., Noghani, F., Oghli, S. H., Noorian, S., & Amini, E. (2019). Quality of Life in the Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and its Effective Factors. International Journal of Epidemiologic Research, 6(4), 158–163
  31. Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia (Kemensos). (2023). (Data tidak dipublikasikan, asumsi berdasarkan kutipan)
  32. Lubis, A., Humaedi, S., & Sartika, D. (2024). Peran mediasi penerimaan terhadap hubungan antara religiusitas dan kecemasan orang tua ABK. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 12(1), 45–56
  33. Ma, L.-C., Chang, H.-J., Liu, Y.-M., Hsieh, H.-L., Lo, L., Lin, M.-Y., & Lu, K.-C. (2013). The Relationship between Health-Promoting Behaviors and Resilience in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 124973. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/124973
  34. Mash, E. J., & Wolfe, D. A. (2016). Abnormal Child Psychology (6th ed.). Cengage Learning
  35. Moen, Ø. L., Hedelin, B., & Hall-lord, M. L. (2014). Family functioning, psychological distress, and well-being in parents with a child having ADHD. SAGE Open, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015626767
  36. Nurinawati, S., Purba, F. D., & Qodariah, L. (2021). Kualitas hidup pada ibu dari anak dengan attention deficit hiperactivity disorder. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 9(2), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v9i2.15431
  37. Ozdemir, H. N. Ç., & Gürbüz, H. (2025). Effects of Spiritual Well-Being on Caregiver Burden of Parents of Children with Tracheostomy in Türkiye: The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience. Journal of Religion and Health, 64, 2961–2980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-025-02312-8
  38. Paster, A., Brandwein, D., & Walsh, J. (2009). A comparison of coping strategies used by parents of children with disabilities and parents of children without disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(6), 1337–1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.05.010
  39. Pastor-Cerezuela, G., Fernández-Andrés, M.-I., Pérez-Molina, D., & Tijeras-Iborra, A. (2021). Parental stress and resilience in autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome. Journal of Family Issues, 42(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X20910192
  40. Peters-Scheffer, N., Didden, R., & Korzilius, H. (2012). Maternal stress predicted by characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(2), 696–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.10.003
  41. Pratama, G. F., Herdian, Nur’aeni, & Suwarti. (2024). Islamic Religiosity and Future Anxiety on Disabled Children’s Parents: Parental Acceptance as a Mediating Variable. Indigenous: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 9(2), 182–195. https://doi.org/10.23917/indigenous.v9i2.4648
  42. Rahma, A., Yuniardi, M. S., & Iswinarti. (2025). The influence of resilience on parenting stress in mothers with Down Syndrome children is mediated by social support. Psychological Journal: Science and Practice
  43. Riany, Y. E., & Ihsana, A. (2021). Parenting stress, social support, self-compassion, and parenting practices among mothers of children with ASD and ADHD. Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 6(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v6i1.6681
  44. Riley, A. W., Lyman, L. M., Spiel, G., Döpfner, M., Lorenzo, M. J., Ralston, S. J., & ADORE Study Group. (2006). The Family Strain Index (FSI). Reliability, validity, and factor structure of a brief questionnaire for families of children with ADHD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 15(Suppl 1), I/72–I/78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-006-1010-0
  45. Rocco, I., Bonati, M., Corso, B., & Minicuci, N. (2021). Quality of life improvement in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder reduces family’s strain: A structural equation model approach. Child: Care, Health and Development, 47(5), 667–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12874
  46. Rodriguez, G., Hartley, S. L., & Bolt, D. (2019). Transactional relations between parenting stress and child autism symptoms and behavior problems. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 1887–1898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3845-x
  47. Shenzhen Autism Research Association. (2013). Survey on the service status of Chinese persons with autistic spectrum disorders (South China). Huaxia Publishing Press
  48. Smith, J., Brown, A., & Nguyen, T. (2022). Psychosocial challenges for mothers of children with special needs: A global review. International Journal of Mental Health, 31(5), 1120–1135
  49. Trentacosta, C. J., Irwin, J. L., Crespo, L. M., & Beeghly, M. (2018). Financial Hardship and Parenting Stress in Families with Young Children with Autism: Opportunities for Preventive Intervention. In Handbook of Parent Implemented Interventions for Very Young Children with Autism (pp. 79–91). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90994-3_5
  50. Tsai, J., Harpaz-Rotem, I., Pietrzak, R. H., & Southwick, S. M. (2012). The Role of Coping, Resilience, and Social Support in Mediating the Relation Between PTSD and Social Functioning. Psychiatry, 75(2), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2012.75.2.135
  51. Walsh, F. (2010). A family resilience framework for clinical practice. In Reshaping Theory in Contemporary Social Work (pp. 146–176). Columbia University Press
  52. Widyawati, Y., Scholte, R. H. J., Kleemans, T., & Otten, R. (2021). Positive parenting and its mediating role in the relationship between parental resilience and quality of life in children with developmental disabilities in Java Island, Indonesia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 112, 103911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103911
  53. World Health Organization. (2021). Disability and health
  54. Yusufa, J., Ferrosnita, K., Kornarius, Y. P., Caroline, A., & Gunawan, A. (2023). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Innovative Work Behaviour Karyawan di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit di Kota Cilegon. Journal of Economics and Business UBS, 12(6), 3615–3624
  55. Zauszniewski, J. A., Bekhet, A. K., & Suresky, M. J. (2015). Indicators of Resilience in Family Members of Adults with Serious Mental Illness. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 38(1), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2014.11.009
  56. Zhao, M., & Fu, W. (2020). The resilience of parents who have children with autism spectrum disorder in China. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 68(2), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2020.1747761
  57. Zhao, M., Fu, W., & Ai, J. (2021). The Mediating Role of Social Support in the Relationship Between Parenting Stress and Resilience Among Chinese Parents of Children with Disability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04806-8
  58. Žic Ralić, A., & Matišić, I. (2023). Stress and resilience in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Ljetopis Socijalnog Rada, 30(3), 85–107. https://doi.org/10.3935/ljsr.v30i3.503

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.